Technology Stack

At N3xar, our IoT ecosystem is designed to seamlessly connect a wide range of devices, enabling unified data collection, processing, and intelligent analysis. Building such an integrated system requires solving numerous technical challenges related to architecture, communication, performance optimization, and security.

Data Sources

We support a wide variety of IoT devices, from environmental sensors and industrial machinery to smart consumer electronics. The N3xar platform is designed to be hardware-agnostic, allowing seamless integration of diverse data sources.
DIY & Hobby Projects: Many developers use Arduino or Raspberry Pi to build custom sensors and automation tools. These projects often face challenges in storing data or building responsive web applications. N3xar simplifies this by offering built-in cloud storage, real-time data dashboards, and mobile-friendly interfaces.
Edge Devices: Small sensors or single-board computers can push data directly to the N3xar platform using lightweight protocols like MQTT or HTTP.
Enterprise Systems: Industrial controllers, SCADA systems, or smart factory equipment can transmit structured data to N3xar for centralized monitoring, analytics, and event management.

Transport Medium

Transport Medium image

Principles of Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is a widely used wireless communication standard based on IEEE 802.11 protocols. It allows devices to connect to a local network or the internet. Wi-Fi networks typically operate in the 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz bands and support high data rates for devices in close proximity to the router or access point.
Distance and Coverage: Wi-Fi is typically designed for short-range communication. The effective range of a Wi-Fi network depends on the environment, but it typically spans:
- Indoor Range: 30-100 meters (can be affected by walls and other obstacles)
- Outdoor Range: 100-200 meters (clear line of sight)
In buildings with multiple walls and floors, Wi-Fi signals can degrade, reducing coverage. Additionally, Wi-Fi networks may require multiple access points for coverage over larger areas.
Data Rate and Throughput:
Wi-Fi supports high data throughput, ranging from 54 Mbps (802.11g) to 1-9 Gbps (802.11ac/802.11ax) , depending on the Wi-Fi standard. It is well-suited for applications that require frequent and large data transmissions, such as video streaming, web browsing, and file sharing.
Power Consumption:
Wi-Fi devices consume significantly more power compared to LoRa nodes, especially when transmitting large amounts of data. The power consumption can be challenging for battery-powered IoT devices that need to operate for extended periods without charging. Typically, Wi-Fi devices require a constant power source or need to be recharged regularly.
Node Limitations and Scalability:
Wi-Fi networks typically rely on a central access point (AP) or router, which limits the number of devices that can connect simultaneously. The number of devices depends on the router’s capacity, but generally, a Wi-Fi network can handle anywhere from 10 to several hundred devices before performance starts to degrade. However, adding more routers or access points can improve scalability. ● Interference and Reliability:
Interference and Reliability:
Wi-Fi operates in the crowded 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands, which are shared with other devices (microwaves, Bluetooth, etc.). As a result, Wi-Fi networks can suffer from interference and signal degradation, especially in congested environments or areas with many competing networks.

Principles of LoRa

LoRa is a physical layer (PHY) protocol designed for low-power, long-range communication, often used in LoRaWAN (Long Range Wide Area Network). LoRa operates in unlicensed radio frequency bands (e.g., 868 MHz or 915 MHz) and is ideal for low-power, low-data-rate communication over long distances. LoRa networks use gateways to relay data from nodes to cloud platforms, making it suitable for wide-area networks.
Distance and Coverage: Wi-Fi is typically designed for short-range communication. The effective range of a Wi-Fi network depends on the environment, but it typically spans:
- Indoor Range: 1-3 km (depending on obstacles and interference)
- Outdoor Range: 5-15 km in rural areas, or even more in optimal conditions
LoRa is highly suited for applications that require connectivity in remote or hard-to-reach areas, such as agriculture, smart cities, and asset tracking.
Data Rate and Throughput: LoRa, by contrast, supports much lower data rates , typically ranging from 0.3 kbps to 27 kbps 0.3 kbps to 27 kbps , making it ideal for transmitting small, infrequent packets of data. It is best suited for applications that require periodic updates from sensors, such as environmental monitoring, smart meters, or tracking devices.
Power Consumption:
One of LoRa’s standout features is its low power consumption power consumption , making it ideal for battery-operated devices. LoRa nodes can last for several years (up to 10 years in some cases) on a single battery, as the technology is designed for low data transmission frequency and long idle periods. This makes it highly suitable for remote or distributed IoT networks where maintaining a constant power supply is impractical.
Node Limitations and Scalability:
LoRa networks can handle a significantly larger number of devices compared to Wi-Fi. LoRaWAN (the network protocol) supports thousands of devices within a single network. Since LoRa is designed for low-bandwidth applications, it can efficiently support many devices without overloading the network, making it ideal for large-scale deployments such as smart city projects or agricultural monitoring systems.
Interference and Reliability:
LoRa operates in unlicensed sub-GHz frequency bands (868 MHz, 915 MHz, etc.), which are less crowded and less prone to interference than Wi-Fi bands. LoRa’s long-range and robust signal allow it to maintain reliable communication even in challenging environments with obstacles like buildings or forests.

Mobile Internet Beyond the Tower

Cellular internet plays a key role in connecting devices around the world by providing mobile services. When combined with technologies like Wi-Fi or LoRa (Long Range) nodes, mobile networks can greatly expand their coverage. A single cellular antenna can provide a service radius of up to 30 kilometers, and this range can be extended further through connected Wi-Fi networks or LoRa nodes.

This combination is especially useful in rural or remote areas, where traditional internet infrastructure may be limited. By using both cellular and local wireless technologies, people can stay connected more reliably and over greater distances.

Server-Side Architecture

N3xar provides a flexible and secure server infrastructure to support a wide range of IoT use cases, from small personal projects to enterprise-scale deployments.
Cloud Hosting for Global Access
To promote accessibility and demonstrate the capabilities of our platform, N3xar offers public cloud servers that are available worldwide. These servers are optimized for speed and reliability, allowing customers from any region to connect and test their devices with minimal latency.
On-Premises & Private Network Options
For customers with higher security or compliance requirements, N3xar can be deployed on Linux-based servers within a private network or with public access as needed. This ensures full control over data privacy and system configurations. On-premises deployments are ideal for industrial environments, sensitive applications, or organizations with strict IT policies.
Security by Design
N3xar prioritizes security at every level:
- All data is transferred via HTTPS using modern TLS encryption.
- Each connected device uses a unique token to ensure secure and authenticated data transmission.
- The platform is protected by Cloudflare services for DDoS mitigation, DNS security, and CDN optimization.
- Integration with Google Cloud services ensures high availability, reliability, and enterprise-grade infrastructure.
Network Efficiency
Because real-time data transfer is critical in IoT applications, N3xar is built to minimize latency and maximize throughput. We leverage modern web technologies, global server distribution, and intelligent data routing to ensure smooth and efficient communication between devices and the cloud.

Energy Efficiency & Device Autonomy

One of the core strengths of the N3xar ecosystem is its support for autonomous, low-power devices that can operate for extended periods without requiring frequent maintenance or recharging.
Designed for Long-Term Operation
N3xar-compatible devices are built to support ultra-low power consumption. Using modern microcontrollers that consume less than 1 μA (microampere) in deep sleep or standby mode, devices can remain operational for over a year on a small battery—depending on usage patterns and environmental conditions.
This is particularly valuable for applications that require:
- Periodic data collection from low-energy sensors
- Minimal actuator activity
- Remote or hard-to-reach installations
Technical Characteristics
- Supply Voltage Range: 2V to 5V (typically 3.3V)
- Temperature Range: -40°C to +80°C
- Ultra-low standby power consumption
- Deep sleep functionality for energy saving
By combining low power consumption with long-range wireless communication , the N3xar platform enables the deployment of fully autonomous IoT solutions in diverse environments—urban, industrial, agricultural, or even off-grid. This energy-efficient architecture helps solve routine monitoring tasks reliably and securely, while keeping infrastructure simple and cost-effective. ● On-Premises & Private Network Options
For customers with higher security or compliance requirements, N3xar can be deployed on Linux-based servers within a private network or with public access as needed. This ensures full control over data privacy and system configurations. On-premises deployments are ideal for industrial environments, sensitive applications, or organizations with strict IT policies.
Security by Design
N3xar prioritizes security at every level:
- All data is transferred via HTTPS using modern TLS encryption.
- Each connected device uses a unique token to ensure secure and authenticated data transmission.
- The platform is protected by Cloudflare services for DDoS mitigation, DNS security, and CDN optimization.
- Integration with Google Cloud services ensures high availability, reliability, and enterprise-grade infrastructure.
Network Efficiency
Because real-time data transfer is critical in IoT applications, N3xar is built to minimize latency and maximize throughput. We leverage modern web technologies, global server distribution, and intelligent data routing to ensure smooth and efficient communication between devices and the cloud.

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